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The sticky-price monetary model of exchange rate states the overshooting hypothesis as, exchange rate depreciation beyond its long-term value in response to an increase in money supply owing to the sticky nature of prices. Because of interest and relevance to policy, there is a huge extant literature on it but with mixed findings that suggest the need for further studies to refine the findings. Pakistan’s rupee exchange rate against the US dollar depreciated 128.44% over the period May 2007–December 2018. Considering this substantial decline in rupee's value, this study aims to examine either the rupee short-run value is over-shot of its long-term value.

This study uses a linear ARDL approach that segregates the short-run and long-run effects thus clarifying the premise of exchange rate overshooting. Furthermore, this study also uses nonlinear ARDL as a robustness check incorporating structural breaks.

Findings based on a linear model show evidence of exchange rate undershooting that means a positive money shock causes the exchange rate to appreciate. A nonlinear analysis also provides support to these findings. However, the increase in relative money supply has more such effect than that of a decrease in the relative money supply. Moreover, the authorities’ inclination to stabilize the exchange rate appreciates its short-run value.

This study substantiates the overshooting hypothesis literature by considering the role of asymmetric effects of exchange rate determinants and structural breaks that is a rare attempt in the extant literature.

The purpose of this paper is to look at the impact of two most commonly used heuristics, namely, representative bias and availability bias on investment decision making and to check that either locus of control interact with the said relations through theoretical proposal and then verification through empirical evidence.

The study is a quantitative research using a survey questionnaire for its data collection. Data are collected from 227 investors operating at Islamabad, Lahore, and Sargodha in Pakistan and analyzed using structural equation modeling while the interaction effect is analyzed through simple linear regression following the rules set by Baron and Kenny (1986).

The results reveal that both of the heuristics under study significantly cause investors to deviate from rational decision making while the locus of control have no significant moderating effect.

The proposed model provides insight on how the behavioral factors can lead investors to suboptimal decision making. This study is first of its kind to quantify the degree of irrationality caused by these factors. The findings of this study are practically useful for individual investors, investment managers, and also for policy makers.

Achieving innovation performance (IP) through high-performance work system (HPWS) remained relatively unexplored. Literature on the HPWS-IP linkage mechanism raises a question mark and highlights the existence of a black box. Therefore, the present study aimed to empirically fill the gap in the literature by developing a framework to theorize HPWS nexus with IP through serial mediation of intellectual capital (IC) and organizational ambidexterity (OA).

To answer the study questions survey-based, multi-source and time-lagged data were collected to examine the proposed model. SPSS 24 version was used to evaluate descriptive statistics and through Smart-PLS 3.32., partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the study hypotheses.

Study findings indicate that HPWS not only has a significant direct impact on IP but also has a significant indirect relationship with IP through the mediation of IC and OA. Both IC and OA also mediated this relationship serially.

The originality of the study lies in the fact that it studied HPWS as an antecedent of IC and OA and IP as the consequence. Further, the study fills the knowledge gap in previous literature in which limited or no study has used the serial mediation model with two mediators particularly IC and OA to explore the relationship between HPWS and IP.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between electricity access, population growth and economic growth in Pakistan.

Phillips–Perron unit root test was applied to check the stationarity of the variables and an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration was used to investigate the causality link between the study variables. Finally, a projection method was applied to check the future trend of the variables.

The study results show the long-term connections among the variables; further, the results illustrate that the electricity access to the urban population and the urban population growth has a significant impact on the economic growth, while the electricity access to the rural population and the rural population growth has a negative impact on the economic growth in Pakistan.

The electricity sector needs further attention from the Government of Pakistan to boost the production from different energy sources, such as oil, gas, solar, nuclear and hydropower to be able to fulfill the country’s growing demand.

By using the ARDL bounds testing approach to co-integration, this study addressed the literature gap regarding electricity access, population growth and economic growth in Pakistan.

The purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding and application of interactive ties creating value through board characteristics, ownership concentration and firms’ performance by using a contingent theoretical-based framework based on the amalgamation of resource dependence theory, stakeholder theory, agency theory, stewardship theory and institutional theory in a country with weak political environment.

This study includes a sample of an unbalanced panel of 309 non-financial sector firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2005 to 2016. In order to address the issue of unobserved heterogeneity, simultaneous and dynamic endogeneity, the current study employed the technique Arellano–Bond dynamic panel data estimation under assumptions of GMM (Arellano–Bond, 1991).

The empirical results suggest that the presence of concentrated ownership moderates and helps to overcome the agency problems through different governance mechanisms (such as board size, independent directors and CEO duality). The larger boards are found to be beneficial whereas the higher representation of independent directors in the board is found to be detrimental for Pakistani firms.

Limitations of the study are, first the current study has analyzed public-listed firms from the non-financial sector, and second the study has only focused on the financial aspect of the performance. The future research could include other proxies of corporate governance and ownership structure such as board diversity and meetings, audit committee and managerial ownership, etc.

The research also helps Pakistani policy makers in numerous ways. First, the current study confirms the monitoring and expropriation effect of ownership concentration in corporate governance and performance mechanism. Thus, the Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) should make such policies which protect the corporate board against the influence of concentrated ownership so that the interests of the minority shareholders are protected. Second, SECP should ensure that all the listed firms declare a comprehensive profile of their directors (such as academic qualification, age and experience) in their annual reports for the better understanding of the governance−performance mechanism.

The current study augments the emerging body of literature on corporate governance and firm performance mechanism through the amalgamation and testing of existing theories in an emerging economy like Pakistan by using wider and newer data set.

The purpose of this study was to develop a correlation between the properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts 3D printed by material extrusion (MEX) process.

The two MEX parameters and their values have been selected by design of experiment method. Three properties of MEX parts, i.e. strength (tensile and three-point bending), surface roughness and the dimensional accuracy, are studied at different build speeds (35 mm/s, 45 mm/s and 55 mm/s) and the layer heights (0.06 mm, 0.10 mm and 0.15 mm).

The results show that tensile strength and three-point bending strength both increase with the decrease in build speed and the layer height. The artifact selected for dimensional accuracy test shows higher accuracy of the features when 3D printed with 0.06 mm layer height at 35 mm/s build speed as compared to those of higher layer heights and build speeds. The optical images of the 3D-printed specimen reveal that lower build speed and the layer height promote higher inter-layer diffusion that has the effect of strong bonding between the layers and, as a result, higher strength of the specimen. The surface roughness values also have direct relation with the build speed and the layer height.

The whole experiments demonstrate that the part quality, surface roughness and the mechanical strength are correlated and depend on the build speed and the layer height.

This paper aims to study the feasibility of using machine learning in hot corrosion prediction of Inconel 617 alloy.

By examination of the experimental studies on hot corrosion of Inconel 617, a data set was built for machine learning models. Apart from the alloy composition, this paper included the condition of hot corrosion like time and temperature, and the composition of the saline medium as independent features, while the specific mass change is set as the target feature. In this paper, linear regression, random forest and XGBoost are used to predict the specific mass gain of Inconel 617.

XGBoost yields the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.98, which was highest among models. Also, this model recorded the lowest value of mean absolute error (0.20). XGBoost had the best performance in predicting specific mass gain of the alloy in different times at temperature of 900°C. In sum, XGBoost shows highest accuracy in predicting specific mass gain for Inconel 617.

Using machine learning to predict hot corrosion in Inconel 617 marks a substantial progress in this domain and holds promise for simplifying the development and evaluation of novel materials featuring enhanced hot corrosion resilience.

The research is geared towards studying the impact of “GDP per capita (GDP)”, “energy consumption (EC)”, “human capital (HC)” and “trade openness (TO)” on India's ecological footprint (EF) from 1997–1998 to 2019–2020.

The autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) bound test was used to look at the short-run and long-term coefficients and the cointegration of the variables.

The results depicted a long-run connection between the variables. The long-run results found a favourable relationship between GDP, EC and EF, indicating that economic growth through heavy reliance on fossil fuels contributes to environmental unsustainability. An inverse relationship between HC, TO and EF was also observed, indicating that education fosters pro-environmental behaviour and leads to adopting cleaner technology that contributes to environmental sustainability.

The research substantiates India's pressing requirement for sustainable development, ensuring a harmonious balance between economic performance and environmental preservation. A carefully designed policy needs to be formulated to mitigate emissions stemming from growth in India. Policymakers are urged to implement measures that promote ecologically friendly tools, utilities and transportation to curb long-term environmental degradation.

The study is novel, incorporating an exhaustive review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This study further examines how India's EF is affected by its HC; the preceding literature has yet to discuss much about the connection between HC and the environment. Finally, the study employed advanced econometric techniques, namely the cointegration technique and ARDL model, to find the relationship between EF, GDP, HC, EC and TO.

The authors investigate the impact of standards compliance on the participation in the global value chain and labour value-added of Vietnam’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

The authors use a three-period panel dataset of SMEs combined with Vietnam’s Provincial Competitiveness Index. The authors also use multiple econometric models; and with each model, the authors include all independent variables that are available from the study's data and that are suggested by the literature.

The authors find that standards compliance by Vietnam’s SMEs improved their participation in the global value chain via subcontracts with FDI multinational firms. The authors also find that standards compliance improved the value-added of labour in Vietnam’s SMEs, which is robust to the choice of econometric models.

The study's results suggest that better outcomes for firms and society will be possible if standards are recognised and respected.

This paper complements scant literature on the impact of standards compliance on global value chain participation via subcontracting work and labour value-added, especially in developing countries.

This paper aims to examine how role clarity mediates the effect of transformational leadership on job engagement and championing behavior in support of the conservation of resources theory.

The authors used a cross-sectional approach to collect data from managerial/nonmanagerial employees within the Pakistani hospitality industry via online and offline questionnaires. A total of 170 responses were used in the data analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings show that transformational leadership directly predicts improved role clarity and job engagement. Moreover, role clarity leads to job engagement and championing behavior. Role clarity exhibits a partial mediation effect on job engagement and full mediation on championing behavior.

To bridge the gap in leadership literature, this research assesses the underlying effect of role clarity on the relationship between transformational leadership and its positive outcomes. It provides theoretical and managerial implications regarding the role of transformational leadership characteristics and outcomes.